Publications


December 7, 2023

An economic analysis of the TOZO, the Dutch support scheme for self-employed during COVID-19

The Temporary Support Scheme for Self-Employed Persons (Tozo) supported self-employed entrepreneurs during the coronavirus crisis. This is the conclusion from a CPB study.

hairdresser in corona
March 1, 2023

Predicting Firm Exits with Machine Learning: Implications for Selection into COVID-19 Support and Productivity Growth

In this paper, we use machine learning techniques to predict whether a company would have left the market in a world without corona. These predictions show that unhealthy companies applied for support less often than healthy companies. But we also show that the COVID-19 support has prevented most exits among unhealthy companies. This indicates that the corona support measures have had a negative impact on productivity growth.

Corona